El crowdfunding en México, una alternativa real de financiamiento e inversión para la mujer emprendedora.

The aim of this article is to inform the crowdfunding as a viable option for entrepreneurs and investors, for which the concept is explained, the business model will be described and the concept will be related to variables or related agents, relevant to meet the target of this article. MSMEs in AL, and particularly in Mexico are limited, by economic conditions, to access credit in the traditional financial system. Resourcing is restricted to few options and this affects their growth and development. At the same time, foreign or local investors do not find access to capital markets, limiting their possibilities. Today, it is driven by these needs, and the state of technology and innovation, that crowdsourcing emerges as a financing and investment model (in projects such a start-up or spin-off), which can be realized through platforms on the internet. It gives wide possibilities of coverage and penetration in developed markets, or not.El objetivo del presente artí­culo es dar a conocer el crowdfunding como una opción viable para las mujeres emprendedoras e inversionistas, para ello se explicará el concepto, se describirá el modelo de negocio y se relacionará el concepto con las variables o agentes relacionados, pertinentes para cumplir el objetivo del artí­culo. Las mipymes en AL y en particular en México se ven limitadas, por las condiciones económicas, al acceso del crédito en el sistema financiero tradicional. La obtención de recursos se ve restringida a pocas opciones y esto afecta su crecimiento y desarrollo. Al mismo tiempo, los inversionistas locales o extranjeros no encuentran acceso a los mercados de capitales, lo que limita sus posibilidades. Hoy dí­a, impulsado por estas necesidades, y de la mano de la tecnologí­a y la innovación, surge el crowdsourcing, un modelo de financiamiento e inversión (en proyectos del tipo start-up o spin-off), atractivo, que puede materializarse a través de plataformas en la internet, lo que le da posibilidades de cobertura/penetración en mercados desarrollados, o no.

Diseño de un sistema analítico para la evaluación y selección de proyectos en una industria manufacturera de Tecate

This research first examines the feasibility of applying a methodology to link the projects and strategic objectives that a company needs to accomplish to achieve the optimum selection of their projects. Subsequently, an analytical model for the evaluation and selection of projects based on the Balance Score Card (BSC) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as primary focus is developed. The model includes the identification of key stakeholders, creating competitive strategies, projects proposals through value analysis and finally, the evaluation and selection of projects according to their efficiency rate using a mathematical algorithm. The application of the analytical model was made in the Hudson RCI company, 26 projects were selected out of 82 project proposals.En la presente investigación primeramente se analiza la factibilidad de aplicación de una metodología que permita enlazar los proyectos y objetivos estratégicos que una empresa necesita llevar a cabo para lograr la selección óptima de sus proyectos. Posteriormente se desarrolla un modelo analítico para la evaluación y selección de proyectos que se basa en el Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) y en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) como enfoque principal. El modelo incluye la identificación de los principales grupos de interés, la creación de estrategias competitivas, generación de propuestas de proyectos a través de un análisis de valor y, finalmente la evaluación y selección de proyectos en función del cálculo de su eficiencia utilizando un algoritmo matemático. La aplicación del modelo analítico se realizó en la empresa Hudson RCI evaluando y seleccionando 26 proyectos de un total de 82 propuestas

Rosiglitazone as an option for patients with acromegaly: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>In the patient with acromegaly, pituitary surgery is the therapeutic standard. Despite undergoing surgery, a significant number of patients with acromegaly continue to have uncontrolled growth hormone secretion. These patients require other treatments such as external irradiation and/or drug therapy.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the clinical and laboratory responses to six months of treatment with rosiglitazone in four cases. In all four cases, the patients had persistent growth hormone overproduction despite previous surgical treatment and other conventional therapy. Case 1 is a 57-year-old Caucasian woman, case 2 is a 51-year-old Hispanic man, case 3 is a 32-year-old Hispanic woman, and case 4 is a 36-year-old Hispanic man. In three of these patients, basal and nadir growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were significantly decreased (<it>P </it>< 0.05 and <it>P </it>< 0.01, respectively).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Rosiglitazone could be a treatment option in select patients with acromegaly.</p

Automated deep learning segmentation of high-resolution 7 T postmortem MRI for quantitative analysis of structure-pathology correlations in neurodegenerative diseases

Postmortem MRI allows brain anatomy to be examined at high resolution and to link pathology measures with morphometric measurements. However, automated segmentation methods for brain mapping in postmortem MRI are not well developed, primarily due to limited availability of labeled datasets, and heterogeneity in scanner hardware and acquisition protocols. In this work, we present a high resolution of 135 postmortem human brain tissue specimens imaged at 0.3 mm$^{3}$ isotropic using a T2w sequence on a 7T whole-body MRI scanner. We developed a deep learning pipeline to segment the cortical mantle by benchmarking the performance of nine deep neural architectures, followed by post-hoc topological correction. We then segment four subcortical structures (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus), white matter hyperintensities, and the normal appearing white matter. We show generalizing capabilities across whole brain hemispheres in different specimens, and also on unseen images acquired at 0.28 mm^3 and 0.16 mm^3 isotropic T2*w FLASH sequence at 7T. We then compute localized cortical thickness and volumetric measurements across key regions, and link them with semi-quantitative neuropathological ratings. Our code, Jupyter notebooks, and the containerized executables are publicly available at: https://pulkit-khandelwal.github.io/exvivo-brain-upennComment: Preprint submitted to NeuroImage Project website: https://pulkit-khandelwal.github.io/exvivo-brain-upen

Neuroanatomical and cellular degeneration associated with a social disorder characterized by new ritualistic belief systems in a TDP-C patient vs. a Pick patient

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a spectrum of clinically and pathologically heterogenous neurodegenerative dementias. Clinical and anatomical variants of FTD have been described and associated with underlying frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) pathology, including tauopathies (FTLD-tau) or TDP-43 proteinopathies (FTLD-TDP). FTD patients with predominant degeneration of anterior temporal cortices often develop a language disorder of semantic knowledge loss and/or a social disorder often characterized by compulsive rituals and belief systems corresponding to predominant left or right hemisphere involvement, respectively. The neural substrates of these complex social disorders remain unclear. Here, we present a comparative imaging and postmortem study of two patients, one with FTLD-TDP (subtype C) and one with FTLD-tau (subtype Pick disease), who both developed new rigid belief systems. The FTLD-TDP patient developed a complex set of values centered on positivity and associated with specific physical and behavioral features of pigs, while the FTLD-tau patient developed compulsive, goal-directed behaviors related to general themes of positivity and spirituality. Neuroimaging showed left-predominant temporal atrophy in the FTLD-TDP patient and right-predominant frontotemporal atrophy in the FTLD-tau patient. Consistent with antemortem cortical atrophy, histopathologic examinations revealed severe loss of neurons and myelin predominantly in the anterior temporal lobes of both patients, but the FTLD-tau patient showed more bilateral, dorsolateral involvement featuring greater pathology and loss of projection neurons and deep white matter. These findings highlight that the regions within and connected to anterior temporal lobes may have differential vulnerability to distinct FTLD proteinopathies and serve important roles in human belief systems

Consenso mexicano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica en adolescentes y adultos

Abstract Background: The diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies of atopic dermatitis (AD) are generally inconsistent among physicians and health institutions. Objective: To develop a consensus statement among experts to reduce the variations in practice regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients ≥ 12 years with AD to improve their care. Methods: Systematic literature search in PubMed and GREAT. With methodological support and using the Delphi method, a formal consensus was developed among 16 experts in Dermatology and Allergology, based on the current evidence and its applicability in the Mexican context. Apart from intense electronic communication, several issues of disagreement were discussed in two face-to-face meetings. Results: The clinical experts reached consensus on 46 statements related to the definition, classification, diagnostic strategies and treatment of AD. For the diagnosis we suggest the Williams criteria and for severity scoring the SCORAD (by the doctor) and POEM (by the patient). In addition to general care and treatment education (workshops), we suggest four steps for treatment, depending on severity: 1. Topical treatment with anti-inflammatory agents (and systemic: antihistamines/antileukotrienes —low level evidence—) 2. Phototherapy, 3. Cyclosporin A and 4. Dupilumab, with the possibility of managing this biological earlier on if a fast effect is needed. In extrinsic AD we suggest evaluating the addition of allergen immunotherapy or an elimination diet, if there is an IgE-mediated respiratory or food allergy, respectively. Conclusion: The panel of experts reached consensus on relevant aspects of AD with a focus on the transcultural adaptation of recent evidence. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Atopic dermatitis treatment; Consensus; Cyclosporin A; Biological treatment; Dupilumab; Omalizumab. Resumen Antecedentes: Los abordajes diagnósticos y las estrategias terapéuticas de la dermatitis atópica generalmente son inconsistentes entre los médicos y entre las instituciones de salud. Objetivo: Consensar las opiniones de expertos para reducir las variaciones en la práctica respecto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes ≥ 12 años con dermatitis atópica para mejorar su cuidado. Métodos: Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en PubMed y GREAT. Con apoyo metodológico y utilizando el método Delphi se desarrolló un consenso formal entre 16 expertos en dermatología y alergología, basándose en la evidencia actual y su aplicabilidad en el contexto mexicano. A parte de una comunicación electrónica intensa, se discutieron los puntos en desacuerdo en dos reuniones presenciales. Resultados: Los expertos clínicos alcanzaron consenso en 46 declaraciones relacionadas con la definición, clasificación, estrategias de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica. Para el diagnóstico sugerimos se usan los criterios de Williams y el SCORAD (por parte del médico) y POEM (por parte del paciente) para definir la gravedad. Aunado a cuidados generales y educación terapéutica, sugerimos cuatro pasos para tratamiento, según gravedad: 1. Manejo tópico con antiinflamatorio (y sistémico: antihistamínico/ antileucotrieno —evidencia reducida—) 2. Fototerapia, 3. Ciclosporina A y 4. Dupilumab, con la posibilidad de manejarlo antes si se necesita efecto rápido. En la dermatitis atópica extrínseca sugerimos agregar inmunoterapia con alérgenos o una dieta de eliminación si existe una alergia IgE-mediada, inhalatoria o alimentaria, respectivamente. Conclusión: El panel de expertos realizó consenso en aspectos relevantes de la dermatitis atópica con enfoque en la adaptación transcultural de evidencia reciente. Palabras clave: Dermatitis atópica; Ciclosporina A; Tratamiento biológico; Dupilumab; Omalizumab; Posición de consenso

Una evaluación de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con traqueostomía, Pereira, 2019

10 páginas : tablas, gráficos ; 28 cm.La traqueostomía es una técnica cada vez más demandada como solución a problemas derivados de otras patologías. Este procedimiento origina alteraciones físicas, psicológicas, sociales, económicas y laborales a los pacientes a quienes se les realiza. Por otro lado, esta intervención quirúrgica también altera el patrón respiratorio, la deglución y la fonación que traen consigo complicaciones como: estenosis traqueal, fístula traqueo esofágica, traqueomalacia formación de granulomas entre otras impactando en la funcionalidad sistémica, aspectos que también influyen en la percepción de la calidad de vida del paciente.PregradoTerapeuta RespiratorioTerapia Respiratori

Controlled Synthesis of Au@AgAu Yolk–Shell Cuboctahedra with Well-Defined Facets

The synthesis of Au@AgAu yolk–shell cuboctahedra nanoparticles formed by galvanic replacement in a seed-mediated method is described. Initially, single-crystal Au seeds are used for the formation of Au@Ag core–shell nanocubes, which serve as the template material for the deposition of an external Au layer. The well-controlled synthesis yields the formation of cuboctahedra nanoparticles with smooth inner and outer Au/Ag surfaces. The deposition/oxidation process is described to understand the formation of cuboctahedra and octahedra nanoparticles. The Au core maintains the initial morphology of the seed and remains static at the center of the yolk–shell because of residual Ag. Structural analysis of the shell indicates intrinsic stacking faults (SFs) near the surface. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) compositional analysis show an Au–Ag nonordered alloy forming the shell. The three-dimensional structure of the nanoparticles presented open facets on the [111] as observed by electron tomography SIRT reconstruction over a stack of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images. The geometrical model was validated by analyzing the direction of streaks in coherent nanobeam diffraction (NBD). The catalytic activity was evaluated using a model reaction based on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NTP) by NaBH₄ in the presence of Au@AgAu yolk–shell nanoparticles

Diseño de un sistema analítico para la evaluación y selección de proyectos en una industria manufacturera de Tecate

This research first examines the feasibility of applying a methodology to link the&nbsp;projects and strategic objectives that a company needs to accomplish to achieve the optimum&nbsp;selection of their projects. Subsequently, an analytical model for the evaluation and selection of&nbsp;projects based on the Balance Score Card (BSC) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as&nbsp;primary focus is developed. The model includes the identification of key stakeholders, creating&nbsp;competitive strategies, projects proposals through value analysis and finally, the evaluation and&nbsp;selection of projects according to their efficiency rate using a mathematical algorithm. The&nbsp;application of the analytical model was made in the Hudson RCI company, 26 projects were&nbsp;selected out of 82 project proposals.En la presente investigación primeramente se analiza la factibilidad de aplicación&nbsp;de una metodología que permita enlazar los proyectos y objetivos estratégicos que una empresa&nbsp;necesita llevar a cabo para lograr la selección óptima de sus proyectos. Posteriormente se&nbsp;desarrolla un modelo analítico para la evaluación y selección de proyectos que se basa en el&nbsp;Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) y en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) como enfoque&nbsp;principal. El modelo incluye la identificación de los principales grupos de interés, la creación de&nbsp;estrategias competitivas, generación de propuestas de proyectos a través de un análisis de valor&nbsp;y, finalmente la evaluación y selección de proyectos en función del cálculo de su eficiencia&nbsp;utilizando un algoritmo matemático. La aplicación del modelo analítico se realizó en la empresa&nbsp;Hudson RCI evaluando y seleccionando 26 proyectos de un total de 82 propuestas

Structural Analysis of AuPdAu Nanocubes via Aberration-Corrected STEM and Nanobeam Diffraction

Controlling the morphology of bimetallic nanoscale systems at the atomic level is of utmost importance in fields such as nanocatalysis, plasmonics, or optics. In this report we emphasize an experimental observation of superlattice formation in bimetallic gold–palladium nanocubes of the order of 30 nm synthesized by a seed-mediated growth method. By combining our experimental observations based on high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and nanobeam diffraction, we have established that a process of galvanic replacement takes place in our third deposition step, triggering the formation of vacancies and atomic diffusion, triggering short-range ordering in our three-layer AuPdAu nanocubes